Paraoxonase and arylesterase activity in bladder cancer Mesane kanserinde paraoksanaz ve arilesteraz aktivitesi

Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth-most common type of cancer in both genders. Approximately 429,000 cases were reported in 2012, and each year, approximately 165,000 deaths worldwide are attributed to BC. The mortality rate is lower than the incidence rate, and for males, the highest incidence is found in West Asia (8.4 in 100,000) and for females, in North Africa (1.6 in 100,000).[1] The most commonly implicated factor in BC etiology is smoking.[2] Some metabolic and physiologic processes produce reactive oxygen species in the body. Under normal conditions, there is a sensitive balance between formation of free radicals and their elimination by antioxidant enzyme systems. If the balance is disturbed in favor of oxidants, all organ systems are endangered. The organ systems of the body for eliminating waste and toxic materials, including the bladder, may be more sensitive and vulnerable to the effects of oxidants.